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Complex verbs in the present tense questions НЕНИ ЭДИП ЈАТ? (what does he do?/what is he doing?) and КАНАЙЫП ЈАТ? (how does he do?/ how is he doing?) This question means “How to be?”, “how to handle a problem” (to agree or not, to take revenge or forgive. To congratulate? To ignore? To respond to?).

The complex verb consists of the main verb and auxiliary verb. The most used auxiliary verbs in Altaian are: ЈАТ, ТУР, ОТУР, ЈӰР. These auxiliary verbs can also function as independent verbs in Imperative singular: ЈАТ – 1.lie down; 2. dwell in, ТУР – stand up/stand, ОТУР – sit, ЈӰР – 1. live; 2. be situated/reside; 3.dwell. Have a look at some more examples: анда тур – stand there, Москвада јат – live in Moscow, орынга јат – lie on the bed, тым отур – sit calm, јакшы јӱр – get on well.

In present tense the verbs ЈАТ, ТУР, ОТУР, ЈӰР function also as simple verbs: јадыры – he lives/he is resting/is situated, туру – he stands, отуры – he is sitting, јӱрӱ – he lives/tracks about/resides.

Examples: калбак столдо јадыры – the spoon is on the table. Mен диванда јадырым – I’m lying on the sofa. Олор тышкары туру – they are standing outside. Эјем библиотекада отуры – my elder sister is sitting in the library. Ийт бу јӱрӱ – the dog is quartering here.

The verbs ЈӰР, ЈӰРӰ are referred only to living beings: айу тайгада јӱрет – a bear dwells in taiga.

The verbs ТУРУ, ЈАДЫРЫ are related to both animate creatures and inanimate objects. If an object is situated vertically we say ТУРУ, and about flat-lying object we say ЈАДЫРЫ.
In Altay language the verb ИЛЕР (string/upholster/hang out) is not used in the present, instead of it we say ТУРУ (stands): сениҥ тоныҥ бу туру – your coat is hanging on a peg. Айак столдо туру – the cup is on the table. Јастык јаҥыртыкта јадыры – the pillow is on the plank bed.

Among these verbs ЈАТ is the most widely used.

In order to form a complex verb in the present tense you add affixe –П (-ип, -ып, -уп, -ӱп) to the base of the verb. And you remember that the verb base is similar to the Imperative for singular. Бар – go (imperative), барып – going ( participle). Барып јат – goes/ is going.

In case the verb base ends with any vowel you add affix –П: бијелеп јат – he dances, кожоҥдоп јат – he sings, сӱӱп јат – he loves, ыйлап јат – he is crying/weeping, oорып јат – he is ill, ӱлеп јат – he devides/portions, уткып јат – greets/welcomes, ӧртӧп јат – burns, јууп јат – gathers/picks up.

When you see vowels [O, У] add affix –уп: кон+уп → конуп – passing the night, кош+уп → кожуп – adding, уч+уп → учуп – flying, ук+уп → уткуп – greeting/welcoming, тут+уп → тудуп – holding/catching.

And take affix –ӱп after [Ӧ, Ӱ], for example: кӧр+ӱп → кӧрӱп – looking at/seeing, јӱр+ӱп → јӱрӱп – living, јӱс+ӱп → јӱзӱп – swimmimg, ӧл+ӱп → ӧлӱп – dying, ӧс+ӱп → ӧзӱп – growing.

We hope also remember that the voiceless consonants turn into its voiced pair: п-б, к-г, с-з, т-д, ш-ж.

In case the verb base has soft vowels [е, и], add affix –ип, as in the examples here: кир+ип → кирип – going in/coming in, кес+ип → кезип – cutting, кел+ип → келип – coming/arriving, кий+ип → кийип – putting on/wearing, эт+ип → эдип – doing/making.

And add affix ып, in case you see hard vowels [а, ы] in the verb base: бас+ып → базып – walking, тын+ып → тынып – breathing, кас+ып → казып – digging, чык+ып → чыгып – going out.

Тана кийим јунуп јат – Tana is doing the laundry, јунуп is a participle imperfective, јунуп јат is a complex verb.

And the participle imperfective indicates unaccomplished action. And the participle perfective shows the complete action: угала – having heard, эделе – having done. In Altai language only the participle imperfective is used to form the complex verb in the present: келип јат – comes, алып јат – takes, килеп јат – has compassion on, бичип јат – is writing, бичип туру –writes, берип јат – gives, берип туру – gives.